Between unsuccessful endotracheal intubation attempts, which is the recommended interim step to minimize hypoxia?

• A. Continue attempting endotracheal intubation
• B. Bag-mask ventilation
• C. Perform cricothyrotomy
• D. Administer IV fluids

Answer: (B)

When intubation attempts fail, the priority is to keep the patient oxygenated. Bag-mask ventilation with 100% oxygen provides immediate ventilation and oxygen delivery between attempts, buying time to reassess the airway, optimize technique (good mask seal, proper technique, possibly a two-person approach), and prepare alternative airway options or additional attempts. This approach directly reduces the risk of hypoxia that can occur with repeated failed intubation attempts. Cricothyrotomy is a more invasive option reserved for cannot-ventilate, cannot-intubate situations and isn’t the immediate interim step when you can still ventilate with a bag. Administering IV fluids doesn’t address the airway or oxygenation and won’t prevent hypoxemia in this context.