Congenital cataracts are frequently associated with which disorder?

• A. Galactosemia
• B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• C. Congenital hyperparathyroidism
• D. Phenylketonuria

Answer: (C)

Congenital cataracts in newborns are most classically linked to a metabolic disorder called galactosemia. In galactosemia, a deficiency in the enzyme that processes galactose leads to accumulation of galactose and its reduction product galactitol in the lens. Galactitol is osmotically active and draws water into lens fibers, causing early lens clouding and cataract formation. This is a well-documented cause of congenital cataracts, making galactosemia the strongest association among the options. The other conditions listed do not typically present with congenital cataracts as a hallmark feature.