Infants with congenital vertebral anomalies have an increased incidence of genitourinary anomalies by approximately what percent?

• A. 5-10%
• B. 20-30%
• C. 40-50%
• D. 60-70%

Answer: (B)

Vertebral and genitourinary abnormalities often occur together because they arise from related developmental processes early in gestation; disturbances during this critical period can affect both the spine and the kidneys/urinary tract. Because of this shared origin, about twenty to thirty percent of infants with congenital vertebral anomalies have an associated genitourinary anomaly. Clinically, this means that when vertebral abnormalities are identified, it’s prudent to screen for urinary tract issues with renal ultrasound and pursue further evaluation if any abnormalities are found, to ensure timely diagnosis and management. The other ranges (much lower or much higher) aren’t consistent with the typical association seen in practice.