Management of an IV extravasation injury includes which of the following?

• A. Apply warm packs
• B. Immediately remove the IV cannula
• C. Apply cold packs only
• D. Elevation of the limb to reduce edema

Answer: (D)

Elevation of the affected limb is the most universally helpful step because it reduces edema and local tissue pressure, which limits the spread of the extravasated fluid and helps preserve tissue perfusion. By promoting venous and lymphatic drainage, elevation lowers hydrostatic pressure in the area and decreases the risk of localized necrosis.

Other options are less universally applicable. Applying warm packs can increase circulation and potentially spread certain vesicants, and cold packs are not universally appropriate for all agents. Removing the IV cannula is important as part of initial management, but elevation directly targets edema and tissue injury, making it the most consistently beneficial single measure.