Normal sized kidneys can be palpated in the flank areas ______ the level of the umbilicus.

• A. Above
• B. Below
• C. Parallel to
• D. At the level of the umbilicus

Answer: (A)

Normal-sized kidneys sit high in the retroperitoneum, from about T12 to L3. The umbilicus lies around L3–L4, so the upper poles of the kidneys are above the level of the umbilicus, with the lower poles near or just at that level. In a physical exam, you palpate the flank in the costovertebral angle region and may feel a normal-sized kidney above the umbilicus, especially with the patient’s breath and technique. This aligns with the anatomical position, making the statement above the level of the umbilicus the best choice.