Sturge-Weber syndrome includes which finding?

• A. Cataracts
• B. Seizures
• C. Microcephaly
• D. Facial port-wine stain

Answer: (D)

Sturge-Weber is defined by a facial port-wine stain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. This cutaneous finding mirrors underlying leptomeningeal angiomas in the brain on the same side, which can lead to seizures and neurological impairment. While seizures are common in this condition, the distinguishing feature you’re tested on is the port-wine stain. Cataracts and microcephaly are not typical features of Sturge-Weber, and while seizures occur, they are a consequence of the brain involvement rather than the defining sign.