The change in posterior pole venous dilation and arterial tortuosity that indicates more severe ROP is identified as which finding?

• A. Extraretinal neovascularization
• B. Plus disease
• C. Stage 5
• D. Stage 3

Answer: (B)

Plus disease is the finding described. It refers to dilation of the posterior pole retinal vessels and tortuosity of the arteries, signaling a more aggressive and severe retinopathy of prematurity. This vascular change indicates active disease that is more likely to progress without treatment. It is distinct from extraretinal neovascularization, which defines stage 3, and from stage 5, which is total retinal detachment.