What was the observed effect of nitric oxide on survival in premature neonates according to trials?

• A. Improved survival
• B. No improvement
• C. Decreased survival
• D. Not studied

Answer: (B)

The key idea is that inhaled nitric oxide has not been shown to improve survival in premature neonates. In trials, while iNO can help with oxygenation by dilating pulmonary vessels, this does not translate into a mortality benefit for preterm infants. Across multiple randomized studies and meta-analyses, death rates were not significantly reduced by iNO treatment, and some data raised concerns about potential risks in this population. Because there is no consistent mortality advantage, the observed effect on survival is no improvement. (Routine use solely to boost survival is not supported by these trials; iNO may be considered in specific cases like pulmonary hypertension, but not to improve overall survival.)