Which condition is characterized by multiple joint contractures that are present at birth?

• A. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital
• B. Achondroplasia
• C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
• D. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Answer: (A)

Contractures present in multiple joints at birth describe arthrogryposis multiplex congenital. This condition is defined by two or more joints that are stiff or fixed at birth, usually due to reduced fetal movement during gestation from neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, or environmental factors. It’s the pattern of widespread congenital contractures that makes this diagnosis the best fit.

In contrast, achondroplasia is a skeletal dysplasia marked by disproportionate short stature and characteristic facial and limb features, not primarily multiple congenital joint contractures. Osteogenesis imperfecta involves fragile bones that fracture easily, not a birth pattern of joint stiffness. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva causes progressive ossification of soft tissues after injury, leading to immobility over time rather than contractures that are present at birth.