Which disorder has craniofacial anomalies typically present at birth?

• A. Crouzon syndrome
• B. Deformational plagiocephaly
• C. Treacher Collins syndrome
• D. Apert syndrome

Answer: (D)

Craniofacial anomalies that are evident from birth with an unmistakable combination of skull shaping and limb findings point to Apert syndrome. The hallmark is craniosynostosis (premature fusion of skull sutures) together with syndactyly of the hands and feet, which is typically visible in newborns. This makes the facial and skull abnormalities immediately apparent at birth.

Deformational plagiocephaly is not a congenital malformation; it develops after birth from external pressures shaping the skull. Crouzon and Treacher Collins are congenital craniofacial syndromes as well, but they lack the distinctive syndactyly seen in Apert. That combination in a newborn is what makes Apert the best answer.